AOスミス株式会社
US ˙ NYSE ˙ US8318652091

SecurityAOS / A. O. Smith Corporation
InsiderJames F Stern
This page shows the track record and history of STERN JAMES F insider trades in A. O. Smith Corporation. The SEC defines Insiders as officers, directors, or significant investors (greater than 10% ownership) in a company. It is illegal for insiders to make trades in their companies based on material, non-public information ("MNPI"). This does not mean it is illegal for them to make any trades in their own companies. However, they must report all trades to the SEC via a Form 4.
Insider Purchases - Short Term Profit Analysis

In this section, we analyze the profitability of every unplanned, open-market insider purchase made by James F Stern in AOS / A. O. Smith Corporation. This analysis helps to understand if the insider consistently generates abnormal returns, and is worth following. This analysis is for one-year following each trade, and the results are theoretical.

The following table shows the most recent open market purchases that were not part of an automatic trading plan.

Trade Date Reported
Shares		 Reported
Price		 Adjusted
Shares		 Adjusted
Price		 Cost Basis Days to
Max		 Price at
Max		 Max
Profit ($)		 Max Return (%)
There are no known unplanned open-market trades for this insider

Adjusted Price is the split-adjusted price. Adjusted Shares is the split-adjusted shares.

AOS / A. O. Smith Corporation Insider Trades
Insider Sales - Short Term Loss Analysis

In this section, we analyze the short-term loss avoidance of every unplanned, open-market insider sale made by James F Stern in AOS / A. O. Smith Corporation. A consistent pattern of loss avoidance may suggest that future sale transactions may predict declines in price. This analysis is for one-year following each trade, and the results are theoretical.

The following table shows the most recent open market purchases that were not part of an automatic trading plan.

Trade Date Reported
Shares		 Reported
Price		 Adjusted
Shares		 Adjusted
Price		 Cost Basis Days to
Min		 Price at
Min		 Max Loss
Avoided ($)		 Max Loss
Avoided (%)
2025-08-07 17,434 71.2374 17,434 71.2374 1,241,953 298 55.7800 -269,483 -21.70
2023-11-13 8,118 73.0011 8,118 73.0011 592,623
2023-11-10 8,118 72.0000 8,118 72.0000 584,496
2021-05-03 44,300 70.1522 44,300 70.1522 3,107,742
2021-05-03 44,300 70.1522 44,300 70.1522 3,107,742
2020-11-16 3,650 56.1513 3,650 56.1513 204,952
2017-11-29 12,423 62.2772 12,423 62.2772 773,670
2017-05-25 25,200 54.4494 25,200 54.4494 1,372,125
2016-11-14 20,000 47.6856 20,000 47.6856 953,712
2016-02-12 2,104 65.7588 4,208 32.8794 138,357
2015-11-30 4,100 80.3935 8,200 40.1968 329,613
2015-02-18 2,263 62.2122 4,526 31.1061 140,786
2015-02-03 10,122 68.4562 20,244 34.2281 692,914
2015-02-03 3,294 67.8328 6,588 33.9164 223,441
2014-02-11 7,033 46.7871 14,066 23.3936 329,054
2014-02-10 2,840 46.6680 5,680 23.3340 132,537
2013-10-31 13,410 51.4489 26,820 25.7244 689,930
2013-02-11 2,207 69.6375 4,414 34.8188 153,690
2012-04-25 100 47.5200 200 23.7600 4,752
2012-04-25 1,000 47.4900 2,000 23.7450 47,490
2012-04-25 1,200 47.5000 2,400 23.7500 57,000
2012-04-25 3,500 47.5100 7,000 23.7550 166,285
2012-04-25 400 47.5200 800 23.7600 19,008
2012-04-25 500 47.5201 1,000 23.7600 23,760
2012-04-25 4,200 47.5300 8,400 23.7650 199,626
2012-04-25 100 47.5325 200 23.7662 4,753
2012-04-25 200 47.5000 400 23.7500 9,500
2012-04-25 200 47.5250 400 23.7625 9,505
2012-04-25 300 47.5100 600 23.7550 14,253
2012-04-25 300 47.5200 600 23.7600 14,256
2012-02-10 3,389 45.5880 6,778 22.7940 154,498

Adjusted Price is the split-adjusted price. Adjusted Shares is the split-adjusted shares.

AOS / A. O. Smith Corporation Insider Trades
Insider Transaction History
File
Date		 Trade
Date		 Form Insider Ticker Security Title Code 10b5-1 Direct Exercise
Price		 Unit
Price		 Units
Changed		 Value
Changed (1K)		 Remaining
Options		 Remaining
Shares
2026-02-17 2026-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock A - Award D 79.8850 1,633 130 101,547
2026-02-17 2026-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 79.8850 -3,220 -257 99,914
2026-02-17 2026-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 6,850 103,134
2025-12-02 2025-12-01 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -2,500 96,284
2025-08-07 2025-08-07 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 71.2374 -17,434 -1,242 98,784
2025-06-04 2025-06-04 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -1,186 116,218
2025-02-11 2025-02-07 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 65.6500 -1,920 -126 117,404
2025-02-11 2025-02-07 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 3,890 119,324
2024-07-31 2024-07-31 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -6,680 115,434
2024-02-09 2024-02-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 80.2750 -2,011 -161 122,114
2024-02-09 2024-02-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 4,125 124,125
2023-11-13 2023-11-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 73.0011 -8,118 -593 120,000
2023-11-13 2023-11-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 72.0000 -8,118 -584 128,118
2023-08-09 2023-08-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -6,220 136,236
2023-02-14 2023-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 65.8000 -2,861 -188 142,456
2023-02-14 2023-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 5,915 145,317
2023-02-03 2022-11-01 5 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -8,565 139,402
2022-02-15 2022-02-11 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units M - Exercise D 71.72 -4,910 13,930
2022-02-15 2022-02-11 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 71.7150 -2,308 -166 147,967
2022-02-15 2022-02-11 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 71.7150 4,910 352 150,275
2022-02-09 2022-02-07 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units A - Award D 74.26 3,890 18,840
2022-02-09 2022-02-07 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) A - Award D 74.26 16,410 118,215
2022-02-09 2021-11-30 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -750 145,365
2022-02-09 2021-11-22 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -5,000 146,115
2021-05-13 2021-05-03 4/A STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) M - Exercise D 31.67 -23,040 101,805
2021-05-13 2021-05-03 4/A STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) M - Exercise D 30.76 -21,260 128,845
2021-05-13 2021-05-03 4/A STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 70.1522 -44,300 -3,108 151,115
2021-05-13 2021-05-03 4/A STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 31.6700 23,040 730 195,415
2021-05-13 2021-05-03 4/A STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 30.7650 21,260 654 172,375
2021-05-04 2021-05-03 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 70.1522 -44,300 -3,108 110,199
2021-02-17 2021-02-12 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units M - Exercise D 60.65 -3,740 14,950
2021-02-17 2021-02-12 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 60.6500 -1,758 -107 151,115
2021-02-17 2021-02-12 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock A - Award D 60.6500 3,740 227 152,873
2021-02-10 2021-02-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units A - Award D 60.82 4,125 18,690
2021-02-10 2021-02-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) A - Award D 60.82 17,900 146,105
2021-02-10 2020-12-04 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -1,750 149,133
2021-02-10 2020-06-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -3,616 150,883
2020-11-20 2020-11-16 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 56.1513 -3,650 -205 154,499
2020-02-18 2020-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units M - Exercise D 43.96 -3,945 14,565
2020-02-18 2020-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 43.9600 -1,855 -82 158,138
2020-02-18 2020-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock A - Award D 43.9600 3,945 173 159,993
2020-02-12 2020-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units A - Award D 42.39 5,915 18,510
2020-02-12 2020-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) A - Award D 42.39 30,775 128,205
2019-02-12 2019-02-11 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) A - Award D 49.42 22,400 97,430
2019-02-12 2019-02-11 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units A - Award D 49.42 4,910 12,595
2019-02-12 2019-02-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units M - Exercise D 48.72 -5,730 7,685
2019-02-12 2019-02-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 48.7200 -2,752 -134 156,048
2019-02-12 2019-02-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock A - Award D 48.7200 5,730 279 158,800
2019-02-12 2016-12-08 5/A STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -3,000 150,586
2018-02-13 2018-02-12 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) A - Award D 61.76 15,550 75,030
2018-02-13 2018-02-12 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units A - Award D 61.76 3,740 13,415
2018-02-13 2018-02-09 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units M - Exercise D 60.11 -5,930 9,675
2018-02-13 2018-02-09 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 60.1100 -2,849 -171 149,338
2018-02-13 2018-02-09 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 60.1100 5,930 356 152,187
2017-11-29 2017-11-29 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 62.2772 -12,423 -774 146,437
2017-11-29 2017-11-28 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) M - Exercise D 23.24 -19,900 59,480
2017-11-29 2017-11-28 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 61.8400 -7,477 -462 158,680
2017-11-29 2017-11-28 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 23.2350 19,900 462 166,157
2017-11-29 2017-11-14 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -5,126 146,257
2017-05-26 2017-05-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) M - Exercise D 17.46 -25,200 79,380
2017-05-26 2017-05-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 54.4494 -25,200 -1,372 151,383
2017-05-26 2017-05-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 17.4620 25,200 440 176,583
2017-02-15 2017-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units A - Award D 50.16 3,945 15,605
2017-02-15 2017-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) A - Award D 50.16 15,180 104,580
2017-02-13 2017-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units M - Exercise D 49.86 -7,100 11,660
2017-02-13 2017-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 49.8600 -2,571 -128 151,383
2017-02-13 2017-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 49.8600 7,100 354 153,954
2017-02-08 2016-12-08 5 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -3,000 146,854
2016-11-15 2016-11-14 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.6856 -20,000 -954 149,854
2016-11-15 2016-09-01 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -11 84,927
2016-11-15 2016-08-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -1,007 85,267
2016-11-15 2006-08-26 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -329 84,938
2016-02-16 2016-02-12 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 65.7588 -2,104 -138 86,274
2016-02-16 2016-02-11 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units M - Exercise D 63.34 -4,400 9,380
2016-02-16 2016-02-11 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 63.3350 4,400 279 88,378
2016-02-10 2016-02-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units A - Award D 63.34 2,865 13,780
2016-02-10 2016-02-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) A - Award D 63.34 11,520 44,700
2016-02-03 2016-02-02 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) M - Exercise D 22.98 -18,000 33,180
2016-02-03 2016-02-02 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) M - Exercise D 21.56 -17,000 51,180
2016-02-03 2015-02-03 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 67.8328 -3,294 -223 83,978
2016-02-03 2015-02-03 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 68.4562 -10,122 -693 87,272
2016-02-03 2015-02-02 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 68.8550 -21,584 -1,486 97,394
2016-02-03 2015-02-02 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 22.9850 18,000 414 118,978
2016-02-03 2015-02-02 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 21.5580 17,000 366 100,978
2015-12-01 2015-11-30 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) M - Exercise D 13.96 -27,900 68,180
2015-12-01 2015-11-30 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 80.3935 -4,100 -330 83,978
2015-12-01 2015-11-30 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 80.3650 -16,282 -1,309 88,078
2015-12-01 2015-11-30 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 13.9650 27,900 390 104,360
2015-12-01 2015-11-09 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -195 76,460
2015-12-01 2015-11-02 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -30 76,655
2015-12-01 2015-10-26 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -1,880 76,685
2015-02-18 2015-02-18 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 62.2122 -2,263 -141 78,565
2015-02-18 2015-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units M - Exercise D 62.78 -6,400 10,915
2015-02-18 2015-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 62.7750 6,400 402 80,828
2015-02-11 2015-02-09 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units A - Award D 61.53 2,965 17,315
2015-02-11 2015-02-09 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) A - Award D 61.53 10,630 96,080
2015-02-11 2014-11-12 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -50 74,428
2015-02-11 2014-11-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -2,390 74,478
2014-02-12 2014-02-11 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 46.7871 -7,033 -329 76,868
2014-02-12 2014-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units A - Award D 46.47 3,550 14,350
2014-02-12 2014-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) A - Award D 46.47 9,950 85,450
2014-02-12 2014-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock A - Award D 46.4700 16,500 767 83,901
2014-02-11 2014-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 46.6680 -2,840 -133 67,401
2014-02-11 2014-02-07 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units M - Exercise D 46.34 -6,600 10,800
2014-02-11 2014-02-07 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 46.3450 6,600 306 70,241
2014-01-08 2013-12-05 5 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -237 63,641
2013-11-01 2013-10-31 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 51.4489 -13,410 -690 63,878
2013-11-01 2013-10-23 4/A STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 50.5700 -22,590 -1,142 77,288
2013-10-25 2013-10-23 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) M - Exercise D 13.42 -36,000 75,500
2013-10-25 2013-10-23 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 13.4240 36,000 483 99,878
2013-10-25 2013-08-30 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -120 63,878
2013-10-25 2013-08-20 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -2,160 63,998
2013-10-25 2013-06-05 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -400 66,158
2013-02-13 2013-02-11 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units A - Award D 69.84 2,200 8,700
2013-02-13 2013-02-11 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) A - Award D 69.84 6,300 55,750
2013-02-11 2013-02-11 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 69.6375 -2,207 -154 33,279
2013-02-11 2013-02-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units M - Exercise D -5,100 6,500
2013-02-11 2013-02-08 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 5,100 35,486
2013-01-07 2012-12-06 5 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -838 30,386
2013-01-07 2012-12-05 5 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -116 31,224
2012-11-01 2012-10-31 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) M - Exercise D 19.00 -15,750 49,450
2012-11-01 2012-10-31 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) M - Exercise D 23.76 -16,800 65,200
2012-11-01 2012-10-31 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 19.0030 -9,730 -185 31,340
2012-11-01 2012-10-31 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 19.0030 15,750 299 41,070
2012-11-01 2012-10-31 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock F - Taxes D 23.7600 -11,117 -264 25,320
2012-11-01 2012-10-31 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 23.7600 16,800 399 36,437
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) M - Exercise D 19.00 -12,000 82,000
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.5200 -300 -14 19,637
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.5100 -300 -14 19,937
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.5250 -200 -10 20,237
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.5000 -200 -10 20,437
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.5325 -100 -5 20,637
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.5300 -4,200 -200 20,737
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.5201 -500 -24 24,937
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.5200 -400 -19 25,437
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.5100 -3,500 -166 25,837
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.5000 -1,200 -57 29,337
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.4900 -1,000 -47 30,537
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 47.5200 -100 -5 31,537
2012-04-26 2012-04-25 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 19.0030 12,000 228 31,637
2012-02-14 2012-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units A - Award D 45.97 3,200 11,600
2012-02-14 2012-02-13 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Employee Stock Options (Right to Buy) A - Award D 45.97 9,000 94,000
2012-02-10 2012-02-10 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock S - Sale D 45.5880 -3,389 -154 19,637
2012-02-10 2012-02-09 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Restricted Stock Units M - Exercise D -7,950 8,400
2012-02-10 2012-02-09 4 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock M - Exercise D 45.5880 7,950 362 23,026
2012-01-25 2011-11-14 5 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -270 15,076
2012-01-25 2011-11-14 5 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -270 15,346
2012-01-25 2011-11-08 5 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -270 15,616
2012-01-25 2011-11-07 5 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock G - Gift D -270 15,886
2007-06-04 3 STERN JAMES F AOS Common Stock D 375
P
非デリバティブまたはデリバティブ証券の公開市場または非公開購入
S
非デリバティブ証券またはデリバティブ証券の公開市場または非公開売却
A
会社からの有価証券の交付、授与その他の取得 (オプション等)
C
デリバティブの転換
D
有価証券の会社への売却または譲渡
F
会社から受領した有価証券の一部を使用した、行使価格または納税義務のお支払い
G
内部者によるまたは内部者に対する有価証券の贈与
K
株式スワップと類似のヘッジ取引
M
会社から受け取ったデリバティブ証券 (オプションなど) の行使または転換
V
フォーム4により任意に報告した取引
J
その他 (取引を説明する脚注を含む)